What's playing
Your room from above. You're in the middle.
How masking works
Your ear splits sound into bands, from low bass to high treble. A loud sound covers quieter sounds in the same bands, and a little in the bands next to them.
So heights that share the same frequencies as the main mix get covered first. Heights with something the mix doesn't have, like bright, airy highs, are easier to hear.
Which frequencies get through
Each bar is one band of hearing. Bars that rise above the line are where you'd hear the heights.